Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarker Candidates Associated with Human WNV Neuroinvasive Disease
Figure 2
DEFA1 expression levels from patients with WNND, WNF and control groups.
CSF (A) and serum (B) levels of DEFA1 measured by ELISA between WNND patients (n = 16, A1 group) and subjects with non-WNV CNS infection (n = 13, C1 group). Each dot shows the mean DEFA1 concentration detected in serum from a single individual. Horizontal bars show medians. Data were compared using the non parametric Mann-Whitney U test. (C) Correlation of DEFA1 levels between paired CSF and serum from WNND patients (n = 16, group A1). The data were analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation test with the best-fit line shown (black line). (D) Serum levels of DEFA1 measured by ELISA between WNND (n = 27, A3 group), WNF (n = 23, B1 group) patients and healthy individuals (n = 21, C4 group). Each dot shows the mean DEFA1 concentration detected in serum from a single individual. Horizontal bars show medians. Data were compared using the non parametric Mann-Whitney U test. The dotted line corresponds to the threshold value defined by ROC curve. WNND, West Nile neuroinvasive disease; WNF, West Nile fever; CNS, central nervous system; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; DEFA1, defensin-1 alpha.