Effect of Bioglass on Growth and Biomineralization of SaOS-2 Cells in Hydrogel after 3D Cell Bioprinting
Figure 5
Formation of minerals onto SaOS-2 cells.
(A) Influence of the tested polymers, polyP·Ca2+-complex (polyP) (100 µmoles/L), silica (50 µmoles/L), biosilica (50 µmoles/L), and polyP·Ca2+-complex together with biosilica (polyP + biosilica) on the extent of biomineralization, measured by binding of Alizarin Red S to the inorganic deposits. The color reaction was followed spectroscopically at 570 nm; the values are correlated with the DNA content in the respective sample to allow a direct correlation with the cell numbers. The assays were run in the absence (minus) or presence of 5 mg/ml of bioglass (plus bioglass) in the incubation medium for the organic, printed scaffold. The results shown come from eight experiments; the means ± SD are indicated. Significance between the values from the controls (no polymer added) and one series of a given experimental set, in the absence or presence of bioglass, had been calculated and is marked, either with * P<0.01 or * P<0.001 (Student's t-test). The statistical evaluation by two-way ANOVA test is given under “Results”. (B to D) Element mapping by EDS of the surface of SaOS-2 cells comprising mineral nodules. One nodule is marked (no). Element mapping was performed for O (B), P (C) and C (D). The regions of brighter pseudocolor represent larger accumulations of the respective elements.