Fungal communities associated with almond throughout crop development: Implications for aflatoxin biocontrol management in California
Fig 3
Ability of Aspergillus flavus AF36’s active ingredient to reduce aflatoxin accumulation in viable almonds when co-inoculated with toxigenic A. flavus 2A1L-11 or A. parasiticus 4C1P-11 isolates.
Both toxigenic isolates are native to California almond agroecosystem and produce large aflatoxin quantities in several substrates. Asterisks indicate significant differences (Welch's t-test; α = 0.05) in aflatoxin concentrations between toxigenic isolates inoculated alone and that isolate co-inoculated with AF36. Almond fermentations co-inoculated with AF36 accumulated over 95% less aflatoxins in comparison to almonds inoculated with a toxigenic isolate alone.