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State–Space Forecasting of Schistosoma haematobium Time-Series in Niono, Mali

Figure 1

Satellite image of West Africa.

Panel A: the Sahara desert and the savannah occupy the northern and southern West African landscapes, respectively, while the Sahel spans the intermediate fringe zone—Mali is transected by all three landscapes. Panel B corresponds approximately to an enlargement of the red demarcation in Panel A. The black line on the top of this panel delineates the southeastern Mauritanian border; the depicted segment of the Niger River flows in the southwest-northeast direction; the district of Niono, which is located 330 km northwest of Bamako and 100 km north of the Niger River along the Canal du Sahel (Segou Region), is situated within the red rectangle. This satellite image places the district of Niono in the Sahelian zone: poverty is extensive in the northern (semi-desert) and central (irrigated) regions; contrarily, poverty diminishes southward (near savannah areas) where mixed crops prevail. Image source: adapted with permission from Globalis, http://globalis.gvu.unu.edu (08/2007) [11].

Figure 1

doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000276.g001