State–Space Forecasting of Schistosoma haematobium Time-Series in Niono, Mali
Figure 2
Irrigation system and stagnant water reservoirs in the district of Niono, Mali.
This composite panel depicts irrigation canals (which support mainly rice monoculture) and stagnant water reservoirs where Schistosoma haematobium transmission may occur. District communities not only ingest water from the irrigation system but also wash their belongings, bathe, excrete, and amuse themselves in the canals, considerably increasing exposure to S. haematobium. Furthermore, rainfall precipitation fluctuations prompt the local authority (Office du Niger) to adjust irrigation management accordingly; for example, the Office du Niger may relax water control amid increased precipitation to better irrigate drier areas whilst collaterally enhancing water-flow through typically well-served agricultural fields—S. haematobium transmission suitability might then simultaneously increase and decrease in the former and latter scenarios, respectively.
