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Impact of Measurement Error on Testing Genetic Association with Quantitative Traits

Figure 1

Impact of effect size, sample size and minor allele frequency on power.

Measurement error is displayed in terms of the number of SD of the true phenotype (without errors). The top panel represents comparison of means and three configurations were considered with the rest of the parameters following the default configuration: p = 0.2, n = 15,000, = 0.06. is interpreted as the change in the standardized phenotype for every increase in one effect allele. The bottom panel represents comparison of variances and three configurations were considered with the rest of the parameters following the default configuration: p = 0.2, n = 30,000, = 0.06. is interpreted as the change in the standardized and squared phenotype for every increase in one effect allele.

Figure 1

doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0087044.g001