Changes in the Milk Metabolome of the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) with Time after Birth – Three Phases in Early Lactation and Progressive Individual Differences
Fig 1
Progressive changes in milk composition and increasing individuality with time.
Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) dendrogram (A) and principal components analysis (PCA) score plots (B-D) of milk samples collected serially from three giant pandas; Li Li (LL), circles; Yuan Yuan (YY), stars; Xiao Ya Tou (XYT), diamonds. Multivariate analysis using SIMCA (see Materials and Methods) allows horizontal sectioning of the dendrogram in (A) at different levels of clustering as indicated by the horizontal dotted lines. This yields progressively more detailed PCA score plots that first reveal similarities in metabolomes with time in all three individual giant pandas (as in (B), only two main coloured classifications), and then progressive disparities between the individuals when analysed at deeper resolutions (as in (C) and (D), increasing number of coloured classes). The data representing quality control repetitions (YY-19d-1, 2 and 3) are circled in red and indicate good repeatability. Score plots of PCA (B, C and D): x-axis PC1 = 19.4% and y-axis PC2 = 9.95%.
