Changes in the Milk Metabolome of the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) with Time after Birth – Three Phases in Early Lactation and Progressive Individual Differences
Fig 2
Changes in milk metabolome delineating discrete phases in early lactation.
S-plot of orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) of 55 giant panda milk samples collected serially after birth from three giant pandas. In an S-plot, the x variable is the relative magnitude of a variable, and the y variable is the variable confidence/reliability. So, data points falling in the upper right or lower left corners of the plot represent those features that are least likely to be the result of spurious correlations. Peaks with low magnitude/intensity falling in the centre of the plot near 0 are close to the noise level and exhibit high risks for spurious correlations. The 50 most abundant compounds in the early phase (before day 7; Phase 1) and the 20 most abundant in later milk (after day 7; Phases 2 and 3, cumulative) are highlighted in red and blue, respectively. The inset graphs describe the time-dependent changes in abundance of two oligosaccharide isomers N262 and N351 (identified as diamonds in the S-plot), subsequently identified as 3’-sialyllactose and 6’-sialyllactose, respectively.
