Real-Time Label-Free Embolus Detection Using In Vivo Photoacoustic Flow Cytometry
Fig 1
Principles of in vivo photoacoustic (PA) flow cytometry (PAFC).
(A) Principle of in vivo PAFC setup using high pulse repetition rate (PRR) laser and broadband ultrasound transducer to detect abnormal cells in superficial vessels. (B) Schematics of the in vivo PAFC. (C) PA trace showing signals having positive (CTC or red embolus), negative (white embolus) and combined (CTC-embolus aggregate) contrast. (D) Absorption and PA spectra of 50-μm-diameter veins in mouse ear (red region), platelets (gray region) and B16F10 melanoma cells (dashed curve). (E) Typical views of PA signals from B16F10 melanoma cells at different laser wavelengths.
