Determining Connections between the Daily Lives of Zoo Elephants and Their Welfare: An Epidemiological Approach
Fig 2
Relative impact of input variables for each model described in the papers that comprise this collection.
Beta values were standardized by [Beta Value] / [Maximum Beta Value] for each individual model. As noted, some Beta values have been scaled as follows: (a) per 10% time; (b) per 500 square feet of space; (c) per 5 years of age. Directional effects were normalized and are represented as gradations of positive and negative associations with welfare based on association with welfare outcomes. Shown with a positive direction are factors that decreased the risk of performing stereotypic behavior (1), [60]; decreased the odds of ovarian acyclicity (2), [63]; decreased the odds of being hyperprolactinemic (2), [63]; decreased the risk of persistent foot problems (3), [58]; decreased the odds of musculoskeletal problems of the limbs (3), [58]; decreased the odds of high body condition scores (i.e. overweight or obese) (4), [59]; were associated with increased daily walking distance (5), [61]; and were associated with increased recumbence (6), [62]. Comparisons of magnitude of effect should be made within outcome only.
